(psammomma body in Papillary thyroid cancer)There are many types of thyroid malignancies
- Papillary carcinoma: Very common, spreads via lymphatics, more common in woman (3:1) aged 30-50, very high cure rate. Psammomma bodies are seen on histology.
- Follicular carcinoma: The second most common thyroid cancer behind Papillary. This spreads hematogenously, so distant metastases are more common. It typically presents in the 40-60 year old age group with a cold thyroid nodule. It is difficult to distinguish between a follicular adenoma and carcinoma on cytology - so often a partial thyroidectomy is preferred over a fine needle aspiration for diagnosis.
- Medullary carcinoma: This originates from C-cells (involved in calictonin production). This commonly affects families and is associated with the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndromes. We discussed these here.
- Anaplastic carcinoma: These are very undifferentiated tumors. Fortunately they are uncommon as the cure rate is low and life span is usually measured in months
- Lymphoma
- Metastatic disease
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